{"id":94301,"date":"2026-04-03T16:18:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T16:18:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mybusinessfuture.com\/crypto-post-quantique-pourquoi-2026-marque-le-coup-denvoi\/"},"modified":"2026-11-03T14:53:24","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T14:53:24","slug":"crypto-post-quantique-pourquoi-2026-marque-le-coup-denvoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mybusinessfuture.com\/fr\/crypto-post-quantique-pourquoi-2026-marque-le-coup-denvoi\/","title":{"rendered":"Post-quantique : ce que les entreprises doivent pr\u00e9voir"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"display:inline-block;background:#c0392b;color:#fff;padding:4px 14px;border-radius:20px;font-size:0.85em;margin-bottom:18px;\">4 min de lecture<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les entreprises doivent recenser les usages de la cryptographie dans leur syst\u00e8me d\u2019information et d\u00e9terminer combien de temps leurs donn\u00e9es doivent rester confidentielles. L\u2019Office f\u00e9d\u00e9ral allemand de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des technologies de l\u2019information recommande de compl\u00e9ter \u00e0 l\u2019avenir les m\u00e9thodes classiques d\u2019accord de cl\u00e9 par des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s post-quantiques. Les signatures num\u00e9riques r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 des exigences distinctes. Engager t\u00f4t la d\u00e9marche donne aux responsables informatiques le temps d\u2019examiner les d\u00e9pendances et de pr\u00e9parer la transition avec leurs fournisseurs.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#202528;color:#fff;padding:32px 36px;margin:32px 0;border-radius:8px;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 18px 0;font-size:0.95em;font-weight:800;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.2em;color:#e8828d;border-bottom:2px solid rgba(232,130,141,0.3);padding-bottom:12px;\">L\u2019essentiel en bref<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,0.92);line-height:1.6;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:12px;\"><strong style=\"color:#e8828d;\">La recommandation du BSI concerne l\u2019utilisation exclusive de m\u00e9thodes classiques d\u2019accord de cl\u00e9.<\/strong> Une combinaison adapt\u00e9e avec des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s post-quantiques reste possible.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:12px;\"><strong style=\"color:#e8828d;\">Les donn\u00e9es qui doivent rester confidentielles \u00e0 long terme m\u00e9ritent une attention pr\u00e9coce.<\/strong> Des donn\u00e9es intercept\u00e9es pourraient \u00eatre d\u00e9chiffr\u00e9es ult\u00e9rieurement \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019ordinateurs quantiques suffisamment puissants.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"color:#e8828d;\">Un inventaire cryptographique constitue la base de la planification.<\/strong> Il recense les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s, les syst\u00e8mes concern\u00e9s et les d\u00e9pendances \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des fabricants et des prestataires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">Les recommandations du BSI pour l\u2019accord de cl\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>De nombreuses connexions prot\u00e9g\u00e9es n\u00e9cessitent d\u2019abord une cl\u00e9 secr\u00e8te commune. Cet accord de cl\u00e9 fait appel \u00e0 des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s asym\u00e9triques classiques dont la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est menac\u00e9e par les futurs ordinateurs quantiques puissants.<\/p>\n<p>Selon la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundesbank.de\/de\/aufgaben\/finanzaufsicht\/analysen-und-perspektiven\/quantencomputing-neue-herausforderungen-durch-neue-technologie-1012888\">Banque f\u00e9d\u00e9rale d\u2019Allemagne<\/a>, le BSI recommande de limiter l\u2019utilisation exclusive des m\u00e9thodes classiques d\u2019accord de cl\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin de 2031. Pour les applications n\u00e9cessitant un niveau de protection tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9, il indique la fin de 2030. Le BSI recommande \u00e9galement une approche hybride combinant des m\u00e9thodes classiques et des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s post-quantiques.<\/p>\n<p>Cette recommandation ne constitue pas une obligation l\u00e9gale g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de remplacement applicable \u00e0 toutes les entreprises et \u00e0 toutes les applications. Les exigences l\u00e9gales ou contractuelles applicables d\u00e9pendent notamment du secteur et du domaine d\u2019utilisation.<\/p>\n<p>Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral allemand a \u00e9galement publi\u00e9 une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publikationen-bundesregierung.de\/pp-de\/publikationssuche\/post-quanten-kryptografie-2456584\">ligne directrice nationale pour la mise en \u0153uvre de la feuille de route de l\u2019UE<\/a>. Elle contient un calendrier de transition vers la cryptographie post-quantique en Allemagne.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">Pourquoi les donn\u00e9es confidentielles comptent d\u00e8s aujourd\u2019hui<\/h2>\n<p>Dans le sc\u00e9nario \u00ab Harvest now, decrypt later \u00bb, des attaquants interceptent des donn\u00e9es chiffr\u00e9es et les stockent. Si des ordinateurs quantiques suffisamment puissants devenaient disponibles \u00e0 l\u2019avenir, ils pourraient tenter de d\u00e9chiffrer ces donn\u00e9es a posteriori. La date \u00e0 laquelle de tels ordinateurs seront disponibles reste inconnue.<\/p>\n<p>La dur\u00e9e de confidentialit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire est donc d\u00e9terminante pour \u00e9tablir les priorit\u00e9s. Les documents de recherche, les secrets d\u2019affaires ou les donn\u00e9es personnelles sensibles peuvent n\u00e9cessiter une protection des ann\u00e9es apr\u00e8s leur transmission. Le service informatique doit recenser les connexions utilis\u00e9es pour transmettre ces informations et les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s qui prot\u00e8gent alors la cl\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">Examiner s\u00e9par\u00e9ment l\u2019accord de cl\u00e9 et les signatures<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Qu\u2019est-ce que la cryptographie post-quantique ?<\/strong> Ce terme d\u00e9signe des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s cryptographiques con\u00e7us pour r\u00e9sister \u00e9galement aux attaques men\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019ordinateurs quantiques puissants. Ils fonctionnent sur des syst\u00e8mes informatiques classiques.<\/p>\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/News\/2024\/postquantum-cryptography-fips-approved\">National Institute of Standards and Technology<\/a> a publi\u00e9 trois normes correspondantes en 2024 : ML-KEM sert \u00e0 \u00e9tablir une cl\u00e9 secr\u00e8te commune. ML-DSA et SLH-DSA servent aux signatures num\u00e9riques. Celles-ci permettent de v\u00e9rifier l\u2019origine des donn\u00e9es et de d\u00e9tecter les modifications ult\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n<p>Pour pr\u00e9parer la migration, les entreprises doivent donc examiner chaque usage : une connexion prot\u00e9g\u00e9e et la signature d\u2019une mise \u00e0 jour logicielle remplissent des fonctions diff\u00e9rentes. Les \u00e9ch\u00e9ances fix\u00e9es par le BSI pour l\u2019utilisation exclusive de m\u00e9thodes classiques d\u2019accord de cl\u00e9 ne peuvent pas \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9es indistinctement \u00e0 toutes les signatures num\u00e9riques.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">Comment commencer l\u2019\u00e9tat des lieux<\/h2>\n<p>Un inventaire cryptographique recense les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s et les cl\u00e9s utilis\u00e9s dans les applications, les connexions et les appareils. Il couvre par exemple les connexions VPN, les services web, les certificats et les mises \u00e0 jour logicielles sign\u00e9es. Les services externes et les interfaces doivent \u00e9galement \u00eatre pris en compte.<\/p>\n<p>Les syst\u00e8mes peuvent ensuite \u00eatre class\u00e9s selon le niveau de protection requis, la dur\u00e9e de confidentialit\u00e9 et les d\u00e9pendances techniques. Il est utile de demander aux fabricants et aux prestataires quels proc\u00e9d\u00e9s post-quantiques ils prennent en charge, comment d\u00e9ployer les mises \u00e0 jour et quels composants doivent \u00eatre compatibles entre eux.<\/p>\n<p>Un environnement de test peut faciliter la mise en \u0153uvre. L\u2019\u00e9quipe peut y examiner les effets d\u2019un accord de cl\u00e9 hybride adapt\u00e9 sur l\u2019interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et les performances des syst\u00e8mes concern\u00e9s. Le plan de migration doit prendre en compte les responsabilit\u00e9s, les achats et les tests ult\u00e9rieurs. La dur\u00e9e et le co\u00fbt de la transition d\u00e9pendent de chaque environnement.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Les entreprises doivent-elles remplacer int\u00e9gralement les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s classiques d\u2019ici fin 2031 ?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin:8px 0 4px 24px;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">La recommandation du BSI mentionn\u00e9e concerne l\u2019utilisation exclusive des m\u00e9thodes classiques d\u2019accord de cl\u00e9. Une combinaison hybride adapt\u00e9e avec des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s post-quantiques est possible. Il n\u2019en d\u00e9coule aucune obligation l\u00e9gale g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de remplacement pour toutes les applications.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Pourquoi pr\u00e9voir un accord de cl\u00e9 hybride ?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin:8px 0 4px 24px;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">Il combine une m\u00e9thode classique et un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 post-quantique. Le BSI recommande cette approche pour la transition. La combinaison retenue et sa mise en \u0153uvre doivent \u00eatre adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 chaque usage.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Quelles donn\u00e9es examiner en priorit\u00e9 ?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin:8px 0 4px 24px;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">Les donn\u00e9es qui doivent rester confidentielles longtemps m\u00e9ritent une attention particuli\u00e8re. Les entreprises doivent \u00e9galement d\u00e9terminer quels syst\u00e8mes les transmettent ou les stockent et \u00e0 quel point ces syst\u00e8mes d\u00e9pendent de fournisseurs externes.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mybusinessfuture.com\/fr\/reglement-sur-la-cyberresilience-ce-que-les-fabricants-doivent-faire-des-mainten\/\">Cyber Resilience Act : ce que les fabricants doivent faire d\u00e8s maintenant<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mybusinessfuture.com\/fr\/reglement-ia-a-compter-daout-2026-les-systemes-dia-a-haut-risque-dans-les-pme\/\">AI Act \u00e0 partir d\u2019ao\u00fbt 2026 : l\u2019IA \u00e0 haut risque dans les PME<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-top:36px;margin:44px 0 18px;font-weight:700;font-size:1.05em;color:#1a1a1a;\">\u00c0 d\u00e9couvrir dans le r\u00e9seau MBF Media<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:14px 18px;border:1px solid #e5e5e5;border-radius:8px;background:#fafafa;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:0.7em;font-weight:700;color:#69d8ed;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.12em;margin-bottom:4px;\">securitytoday<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.securitytoday.de\/fr\/2026\/03\/17\/ecart-de-securite-des-identites-ce-que-zero-trust-ne-protege-pas-et-comment-le-combler\/\" style=\"font-weight:600;line-height:1.4;color:#1a1a1a;text-decoration:none;\">Identity Security Gap : ce que le Zero Trust ne prot\u00e8ge pas (SecurityToday)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align:right;color:#5f5f5f;font-size:0.85em;margin-top:48px;\"><em>Source de l\u2019image : g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par IA (novembre 2026)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La cryptographie post-quantique exige un \u00e9tat des lieux : quelles donn\u00e9es et quels syst\u00e8mes prot\u00e9ger en priorit\u00e9 contre les futures attaques quantiques ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":205,"featured_media":114864,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"crypto post-quantique","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Post-quantique : ce que les entreprises doivent pr\u00e9voir","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Le BSI recommande la transition vers la cryptographie post-quantique. Comment pr\u00e9parer l\u2019accord de cl\u00e9, les signatures et la migration.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-adv":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image-id":0,"_yoast_wpseo_twitter-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image-id":0,"featured_post_sortierung":0,"featured_post":0,"pre_headline":"","bildquelle":"","teasertext":"","language":"de","_evm_slot_owner":"","_evm_translation_lang":"","_wp_old_slug":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2224],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-it-tech","entry"],"evm_reading_time_minutes":6,"wpml_language":"fr","wpml_translation_of":89781,"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Post-quantique : ce que les entreprises doivent pr\u00e9voir<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le BSI recommande la transition vers la cryptographie post-quantique. 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