{"id":104466,"date":"2026-05-27T08:56:44","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T08:56:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mybusinessfuture.com\/eu-ai-act-stichtag-august-2026-gpai-dokumentation\/"},"modified":"2026-11-03T15:41:03","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T15:41:03","slug":"eu-ai-act-stichtag-august-2026-gpai-dokumentation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mybusinessfuture.com\/fr\/eu-ai-act-stichtag-august-2026-gpai-dokumentation\/","title":{"rendered":"IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral : quelle documentation pr\u00e9voir ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"display:inline-block;background:#c0392b;color:#fff;padding:4px 14px;border-radius:20px;font-size:0.85em;margin-bottom:18px;\">4 min de lecture<\/p>\n<p><strong>Une entreprise qui utilise ChatGPT, Copilot ou Claude n\u2019est pas automatiquement tenue de cr\u00e9er quatre blocs de documentation sur l\u2019IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral impos\u00e9s par la loi. Le r\u00e8glement europ\u00e9en sur l\u2019IA distingue les fournisseurs de mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, les fournisseurs de syst\u00e8mes d\u2019IA et leurs d\u00e9ployeurs. Pour les entreprises, les obligations d\u00e9pendent de leur r\u00f4le et de l\u2019usage concret. Un registre interne peut n\u00e9anmoins aider \u00e0 garder une vue d\u2019ensemble des responsabilit\u00e9s et des risques.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#202528;color:#fff;padding:32px 36px;margin:32px 0;border-radius:8px;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 18px 0;font-size:0.95em;font-weight:800;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.2em;color:#e8828d;border-bottom:2px solid rgba(232,130,141,0.3);padding-bottom:12px;\">L\u2019essentiel en bref<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,0.92);line-height:1.6;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:12px;\"><strong style=\"color:#e8828d;\">Les r\u00e8gles relatives \u00e0 l\u2019IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral s\u2019adressent aux fournisseurs de mod\u00e8les.<\/strong> Ils doivent notamment \u00e9tablir une documentation technique et fournir des informations aux fournisseurs de syst\u00e8mes en aval. Des exceptions s\u2019appliquent \u00e0 certains mod\u00e8les sous licence libre.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:12px;\"><strong style=\"color:#e8828d;\">Le r\u00f4le de chaque acteur d\u00e9termine ses obligations.<\/strong> Une organisation qui utilise un syst\u00e8me d\u2019IA pr\u00eat \u00e0 l\u2019emploi dans un cadre professionnel est en principe un d\u00e9ployeur. Celle qui d\u00e9veloppe ou fait d\u00e9velopper un syst\u00e8me sous son propre nom et le met sur le march\u00e9 ou en service peut \u00eatre un fournisseur.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"color:#e8828d;\">Un registre des usages est une recommandation pratique.<\/strong> Il donne une vue d\u2019ensemble des finalit\u00e9s, des donn\u00e9es et des responsabilit\u00e9s. Il n\u2019en d\u00e9coule aucune obligation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de suivre un sch\u00e9ma de documentation fixe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">Distinguer mod\u00e8le, application et r\u00f4le<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un mod\u00e8le d\u2019IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ?<\/strong> Un mod\u00e8le d\u2019intelligence artificielle \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral peut accomplir un large \u00e9ventail de t\u00e2ches diff\u00e9rentes et \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 \u00e0 divers syst\u00e8mes en aval. Un syst\u00e8me d\u2019IA est l\u2019application avec laquelle une organisation ou ses salari\u00e9s travaillent. Un tel syst\u00e8me peut reposer sur un mod\u00e8le d\u2019IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2024\/1689\/oj\">r\u00e8glement europ\u00e9en sur l\u2019IA<\/a> \u00e9tablit une distinction entre les acteurs de cette cha\u00eene. Le fournisseur d\u2019un mod\u00e8le d\u2019IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral a des obligations diff\u00e9rentes de celles du fournisseur d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019IA. Une entreprise qui utilise sous sa propre responsabilit\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me pr\u00eat \u00e0 l\u2019emploi dans un cadre professionnel en est en principe le d\u00e9ployeur.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019int\u00e9gration d\u2019un mod\u00e8le dans un processus de travail ne fait pas, \u00e0 elle seule, de l\u2019application un syst\u00e8me \u00e0 haut risque. Les caract\u00e9ristiques du syst\u00e8me et sa destination sont d\u00e9terminantes. Lorsqu\u2019une entreprise d\u00e9veloppe sa propre application ou modifie substantiellement un syst\u00e8me existant, elle devrait examiner s\u00e9par\u00e9ment son r\u00f4le et les obligations qui en d\u00e9coulent.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">Les obligations des fournisseurs de mod\u00e8les<\/h2>\n<p>Les r\u00e8gles applicables aux fournisseurs de mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral s\u2019appliquent en principe depuis le 2 ao\u00fbt 2025. Elles comprennent une documentation technique, des informations destin\u00e9es aux fournisseurs de syst\u00e8mes d\u2019IA en aval, une politique de respect du droit d\u2019auteur de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 publi\u00e9 du contenu utilis\u00e9 pour l\u2019entra\u00eenement. Le r\u00e8glement pr\u00e9voit des exceptions pour certains mod\u00e8les diffus\u00e9s sous licence libre et ouverte. Des obligations suppl\u00e9mentaires s\u2019appliquent aux mod\u00e8les pr\u00e9sentant un risque syst\u00e9mique.<\/p>\n<p>Pour les mod\u00e8les mis sur le march\u00e9 avant le 2 ao\u00fbt 2025, les fournisseurs doivent satisfaire \u00e0 leurs obligations au plus tard le 2 ao\u00fbt 2027. Depuis le 2 ao\u00fbt 2026, la Commission peut faire respecter ces obligations par les fournisseurs de mod\u00e8les. La <a href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/guidelines-gpai-providers\">Commission europ\u00e9enne explique les \u00e9ch\u00e9ances<\/a> dans ses lignes directrices.<\/p>\n<p>Ces obligations des fournisseurs de mod\u00e8les ne peuvent \u00eatre transf\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 une PME au seul motif qu\u2019elle ach\u00e8te une licence pour une application reposant sur un tel mod\u00e8le. Une d\u00e9claration du fournisseur reste n\u00e9anmoins un point de d\u00e9part utile pour comprendre les fonctions, les limites et les conditions d\u2019utilisation.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">Ce que les entreprises doivent v\u00e9rifier lors de l\u2019utilisation<\/h2>\n<p>Pour les d\u00e9ployeurs, les exigences concr\u00e8tes d\u00e9pendent du syst\u00e8me et de sa destination. Des obligations de transparence s\u2019appliquent \u00e0 certaines applications. Le r\u00e8glement pr\u00e9voit des obligations particuli\u00e8res pour les d\u00e9ployeurs de syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 haut risque. La <a href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/regulatory-framework-ai\">Commission europ\u00e9enne<\/a> indique que les r\u00e8gles correspondantes applicables aux syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 haut risque dans des domaines sensibles comme l\u2019emploi entreront en application le 2 d\u00e9cembre 2027. Un autre calendrier s\u2019applique \u00e0 l\u2019IA \u00e0 haut risque int\u00e9gr\u00e9e dans des produits r\u00e9glement\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Un syst\u00e8me qui \u00e9value ou trie des candidatures en vue d\u2019une s\u00e9lection exige donc un examen plus approfondi de sa destination et de sa classification. Il n\u2019en d\u00e9coule aucune r\u00e8gle l\u00e9gale g\u00e9n\u00e9rale imposant une double v\u00e9rification pour chaque d\u00e9cision de recrutement assist\u00e9e par l\u2019IA. Le r\u00e8glement n\u2019impose pas non plus de contr\u00f4le syst\u00e9matique par sondage de chaque application d\u2019IA.<\/p>\n<p>Ind\u00e9pendamment de cette classification, l\u2019article 4 du r\u00e8glement impose aux fournisseurs et aux d\u00e9ployeurs de prendre des mesures visant \u00e0 assurer un niveau suffisant de ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019IA chez les personnes qui utilisent des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019IA pour leur compte. Les mesures adapt\u00e9es d\u00e9pendent notamment de leurs connaissances et du contexte d\u2019utilisation.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">Un registre des usages comme outil de travail<\/h2>\n<p>Pour la gestion interne, il est recommand\u00e9 de tenir un \u00e9tat des lieux des applications utilis\u00e9es. Celui-ci peut pr\u00e9ciser \u00e0 quelles fins un syst\u00e8me est utilis\u00e9, qui en est responsable, quels types de donn\u00e9es y sont saisis et quelles sont les consignes du fournisseur applicables. Il peut aussi indiquer qui v\u00e9rifie les r\u00e9sultats avant leur utilisation et quand un examen m\u00e9tier ou juridique est n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n<p>Pour les applications susceptibles d\u2019avoir des effets sur les salari\u00e9s ou les candidats, l\u2019entreprise devrait examiner avec un soin particulier la finalit\u00e9 concr\u00e8te et le r\u00f4le du logiciel. Le registre peut \u00e9galement renvoyer aux informations pertinentes du fournisseur et aux d\u00e9cisions internes. Il constitue une aide pratique \u00e0 l\u2019organisation et ne remplace pas un examen des obligations applicables dans chaque cas.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Une licence ChatGPT ou Copilot fait-elle d\u2019une entreprise un fournisseur de mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin:8px 0 4px 24px;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">Le simple fait d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir et d\u2019utiliser une telle application ne fait pas automatiquement de l\u2019entreprise le fournisseur du mod\u00e8le sous-jacent. Son r\u00f4le juridique d\u00e9pend des activit\u00e9s concr\u00e8tes qu\u2019elle exerce.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Chaque utilisation de l\u2019IA doit-elle \u00eatre document\u00e9e en quatre blocs d\u00e9finis ?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin:8px 0 4px 24px;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">L\u2019AI Act ne pr\u00e9voit pas d\u2019obligation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de suivre un sch\u00e9ma fixe. Des obligations pr\u00e9cises peuvent s\u2019appliquer selon le r\u00f4le, le syst\u00e8me et sa destination. Un registre interne constitue en outre une aide utile \u00e0 l\u2019organisation.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Depuis quand les obligations relatives \u00e0 l\u2019IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral s\u2019appliquent-elles aux fournisseurs de mod\u00e8les ?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin:8px 0 4px 24px;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">En principe depuis le 2 ao\u00fbt 2025. Pour les mod\u00e8les mis sur le march\u00e9 avant cette date, les fournisseurs doivent se conformer aux exigences au plus tard le 2 ao\u00fbt 2027. Les pouvoirs d\u2019ex\u00e9cution de la Commission s\u2019appliquent depuis le 2 ao\u00fbt 2026.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<p style=\"padding-top:36px;margin:44px 0 18px;font-weight:700;font-size:1.05em;color:#1a1a1a;\">\u00c0 d\u00e9couvrir dans le r\u00e9seau MBF Media<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:14px 18px;border:1px solid #e5e5e5;border-radius:8px;background:#fafafa;margin-bottom:6px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:0.7em;font-weight:700;color:#0bb7fd;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.12em;margin-bottom:4px;\">cloudmagazin<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudmagazin.com\/fr\/2026\/05\/23\/google-gemini-en-entreprise-ce-que-la-loi-sur-lia-impose\/\" style=\"font-weight:600;line-height:1.4;color:#1a1a1a;text-decoration:none;\">Google Gemini en entreprise : ce qu\u2019impose le r\u00e8glement sur l\u2019IA<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px 18px;border:1px solid #e5e5e5;border-radius:8px;background:#fafafa;margin-bottom:6px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:0.7em;font-weight:700;color:#d65663;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.12em;margin-bottom:4px;\">digital-chiefs<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digital-chiefs.de\/fr\/mandat-technologique-conseil-surveillance-nis2-eu-ai-act-deficit-competences\/\" style=\"font-weight:600;line-height:1.4;color:#1a1a1a;text-decoration:none;\">Mandats technologiques au conseil de surveillance : NIS2, r\u00e8glement europ\u00e9en sur l\u2019IA et d\u00e9ficit de comp\u00e9tences<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px 18px;border:1px solid #e5e5e5;border-radius:8px;background:#fafafa;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:0.7em;font-weight:700;color:#69d8ed;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.12em;margin-bottom:4px;\">securitytoday<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.securitytoday.de\/fr\/2026\/05\/19\/authentification-multifacteurs-adaptative-les-parametres-dusine-ne-suffisent-pas\/\" style=\"font-weight:600;line-height:1.4;color:#1a1a1a;text-decoration:none;\">Authentification multifacteur adaptative : les param\u00e8tres par d\u00e9faut ne suffisent pas<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align:right;color:#5f5f5f;font-size:0.85em;margin-top:48px;\"><em>Source de l\u2019image : g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par IA (novembre 2026)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obligations des fournisseurs de mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et documentation recommand\u00e9e pour les applications d\u2019IA dans les PME.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":160,"featured_media":114885,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Loi IA UE","_yoast_wpseo_title":"IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral : quelle documentation pr\u00e9voir ?","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"IA \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral dans les PME : obligations des fournisseurs de mod\u00e8les et documentation de l\u2019utilisation des applications 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